小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
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(資料圖)
時(shí)態(tài)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，通常用 “usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有時(shí)，always總是,”等詞。
(2)基本結(jié)構(gòu):
主語(yǔ)I / You / We / They /He / She / It
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don’t + 動(dòng)詞原形 或者doesn’t + 動(dòng)原
一般疑問(wèn)句(Yes/No) Do… ? Yes, I do. No,I don’t.
Does…(動(dòng)詞原形)…? Yes,he/she does. No,he/she doesn’t.
特殊疑問(wèn)句 What do …? How does she…(動(dòng)詞原形)…?
(3) 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式(同名詞單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)方法相同)
1. 一般情況 +s 如:walk-walks
2. 輔音字母+y結(jié)尾 去y +ies fly-flies
3. 結(jié)尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches
4. 結(jié)尾是0 +es do-does, go-goes
5. 特殊 have-has
2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(1)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用“now現(xiàn)在, look看，linsen聽”.
(2)基本形式: be + 動(dòng)詞-ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating.
What are you doing? Is he reading?
(3)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式(動(dòng)詞+ing)
一般情況 +ing walk—walking
結(jié)尾是不發(fā)音的 e -e + ing come—coming 重讀閉音節(jié) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ing swim-swimming run-running
3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
(1) 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,通常用 “l(fā)ast …上一個(gè)…, just now剛才, many years ago許多年前， yesterday昨天”等詞。
(2) be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式: am/is—was are—were
(3)過(guò)去式基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式
I went shopping last night.
否定句：主語(yǔ) + didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形
I didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑問(wèn)句(Yes/No)
Did …+ 動(dòng)詞原形…?
Did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑問(wèn)句(wh-) What did…+ 動(dòng)詞原形…?
What did you do last night?
(4)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化:
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化:
(1)一般動(dòng)詞 +ed
planted,watered,climbed
(2) 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 +d
liked tied
(3)輔音字母加y結(jié)尾 -y+ ied
study—studied, cry- cried
(4)重讀閉音節(jié)單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字雙寫最后一個(gè)字母+ed
plan – planned stop –stopped
4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)打算做的事或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事情。常常與tomorrow, next Sunday 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
結(jié)構(gòu):be going to +動(dòng)詞原形或will +動(dòng)詞原形
例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
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人稱代詞
主格 I we you he she it they
賓格me us you him her it them
形容詞性物主代詞my our your his her its their
名詞性物主代詞mine ours yours his hers its theris
(注:介詞，動(dòng)詞后面跟賓格。后面沒有名詞時(shí)用名詞性物主代詞。)
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可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
1.一般名詞: + s book –books
2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾: - y+ ies story—stories
3.以s, x，sh, ch ，結(jié)尾: + es glass—glasses; a watch-watches
以o結(jié)尾:
1)有生命的 +es potato-potatoes非絕對(duì)
2) 無(wú)生命的 +s photo-photoes非絕對(duì)
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾: - f 或fe 變?yōu)関es knife –knives; shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
policewoman-policewomen
mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
leaf-leaves
Chinese-Chinese
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不可數(shù)名詞(沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式)
bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee...
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縮寫形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is
he’s = he is hasn’t = he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is
can’t =can not isn’t=is not
didn’t=did not weren’t=were not
wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will
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a. an .the的用法
1.單詞的第一讀音是輔音讀音:a book, a peach， a “U”
單詞的第一個(gè)讀音是元音讀音:an egg， an hour， an “F”
2.the要注意的:球類前面不加the，play football
樂器前面要加the，play the piano
序數(shù)詞前面要加the, the second
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介詞
1.表示方位:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under
2.表示時(shí)間:
(1)at : 幾點(diǎn)前面用at如:at six o’clock, 沒有day的節(jié)日前用at如 :at Christmas, 固定詞組 at the weekends ，at night
(2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具體的某一天時(shí))
on Sunday在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在3月8日; 帶有Day的節(jié)日前用on 如: on National Day
(3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ， 月份前用in ，如in December ;季節(jié)前用in ，如 winter;年份前用 in，如 in 1999
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基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞的方法
1. 直接在基數(shù)詞詞尾加上th。
如:seventh第七，tenth 第十，thirteenth 第十三，
2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，變y為i，再加上eth。
如:twentieth 第二十。
3.不規(guī)則的。
如:first 第一, second 第二， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。
4.有兩個(gè)或以上單詞組成的基數(shù)詞只改最后一個(gè)單詞如twenty-first 第二十一。
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some /any的用法
1.肯定句中用some:
I have some toys in my bedroom.
2.問(wèn)句和否定句中用any:
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
He hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.詢問(wèn)想要什么時(shí)用some:
Would you like some juice?
Can I have some stamps?
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there be結(jié)構(gòu)
1.肯定句(有…): There is +單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞
There are +復(fù)數(shù)
注:遵循就近原則，看靠there be最近的
2.一般疑問(wèn)句(有…嗎,):
Is there …?
Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…?
Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
3.否定句(沒有):
There isn’t ….
There aren’t….
4.there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別:
there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);
have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。
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祈使句
Sit down ,please.
Don’t open the door, please.
Let’s go to the park.
(注:祈使句中動(dòng)詞用原形)
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（情態(tài)）動(dòng)詞
can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。
1. I / He / She / They can sing.
May I come in?
I must go now.
2. You should be quiet in the library.
3. You’ll be good friends.
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特殊疑問(wèn)句
1.What 什么(問(wèn)什么事,什么物或什么工作等)
What are you doing?
I’m reading.
What did you do yesterday?
I played basketball.
What are you going to do?
I’m going to do homework.
What is that?
It’s a book.
What does he/she do?
She’s a nurse.
What time is it?
It’s seven.
2. What colour 問(wèn)顏色
What colour is your coat?
It’s red.
3.when 什么時(shí)候
When do you get up?
I get up at six thirty.
When is your birthday?
It’s on the 21st of December.
4.Which哪一個(gè)
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
The yellow is mine.
5.Who誰(shuí)
Who is the man with a big nose?
He’s my uncle.
6.Whose誰(shuí)的
Whose bag is it?
It’s his bag.
7.Where哪里
Where is my pen?
It’s under the book.
8.Why為什么
Why do you like summer?
Because…
9.How many 多少
How many books are there in the school bag?
There are four books in the school bag.
10. How old 幾歲
How old is the young man?
He’s nineteen.
11.How much多少錢
How much is the toy bear?
It’s eleven yuan.
12.How 怎么樣（How long/ big/tall？）
How do you go to school everyday?
I go to school by car.
How long is the river?
It’s 10 miles long.
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已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞
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